Guides: Artificial Intelligence, ChatGPT and Blockchain Use in Healthcare: ChatGPT and Large Language Models

ChatGPT/Chatbots

Simply put, chatbots use artificial intelligence to conduct online conversation in a natural, human-like language. These can also be called Large Language Models (LLMs). Chatbots gather data from a variety of sources - websites, databases, social media, and user input; however, these sources are not always made public. The system "learns" from interactions to improve the experience. ChatGPT, (GPT stands for generative pre-trained transformer) from the company OpenAI, is an example of a sophisticated chatbot and is " capable of understanding natural human language and generating impressively detailed human-like written text." (Source: The Guardian). Other companies offer their own generative chatbots - some examples are Bard, Claude and Bing AI.

Some concerns about the use of ChatGPT :

Currency - Responses may not reflect the most recent developments in healthcare or education.
Experience - Lacks qualified clinical judgement.
Accuracy - ChatGPT answers that sound plausible but are factually incorrect (hallucinations) and increase in inaccuracy over time (Drift).
Bias - Incorrect or incomplete information about groups of people or health conditions could possibly exacerbate healthcare inequities/bias.
Privacy - Inquires to ChatGPT are not HIPAA compliant or private. The conversations with ChatGPT may go into training the system and potentially used in responses in the future.

ChatGPT 101
"Let's ChatGPT" Overview of the technology, concerns and potential opportunties of ChatGPT's use in health care.
Presented in Feb 2023 by the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
ChatGPT
AI chatbot program from Open AI which engages in human-like dialogue and provides detailed responses to queries. DML neither supports nor condemns the use of ChatGPT.
Bard
AI chatbot program from Google which engages in human-like dialogue and provides detailed responses to queries. DML neither supports nor condemns the use of Bard.
Bing AI
AI chatbot program from Microsoft which engages in human-like dialogue and provides detailed responses to queries. DML neither supports nor condemns the use of Bing AI.
Claude
AI chatbot program from Anthropic which engages in human-like dialogue and provides detailed responses to queries. DML neither supports nor condemns the use of Claude.

Search the following subject headings/keywords in the databases below to find articles on the use of ChatGPT and Chatbot technologies in healthcare. As this is a newer technology, there are very limited subject headings for the concept. When subject headings are not available, use a keyword search.

Chatbots
ChatGPT
Bard
Bing AI
Claude
Large language model
Natural language processing
Medical Informatics
Machine learning
Artificial intelligence
Generative pre-trained transformer

Web of Science This link opens in a new window
Includes Science, Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities and Emerging Sources Citation Indexes. Also includes Journal Citation Reports, and Conference Proceedings. Added functionality available with personal account.
Large Collection
1970-Present
Updated Daily
Ovid MEDLINE This link opens in a new window
Citations and abstracts to the biomedical literature, including the allied health fields and the biological and physical sciences, humanities, and information science as they relate to medicine and health care. Added functionality available with personal account. Good for foreground questions.
Large Collection.
1946-Present.
Updated Daily.
Healthstar This link opens in a new window
Contains citations to the published literature on health services, technology, law, administration, and research. Focuses on both the clinical and non-clinical aspects of health care delivery. Added functionality with personal account.
Large Collection.
1966-Present
Updated Monthly.
STAT Plus This link opens in a new window
Daily news reports and analysis of the biotech, pharmacology, and life sciences industries. Personal account required .

First time users will need to create an account using an @georgetown.edu or @gunet.georgetown.edu email. Returning users start at the DML Databases page- click on "login" to access content. Mozilla Firefox is the recommended browser.
Large Collection.
Updated Daily
Preprint Citation Index This link opens in a new window
Provides access to research articles made available before the formal publication in a journal (preprints) from arXiv, bioRxiv, chemRxiv, medRxiv and Preprints.org respositories. Added functionality available with personal account.
2023-Present
Large Collection
Updated as needed
DML Discover This link opens in a new window
DML Discover facilitates the global discovery of high quality articles, books, and other biomedical information resources with a single search. Added functionality available with personal account.
Large collection.
Updated daily.

Search the following subject headings/keywords in the databases below to find content on the use of ChatGPT and chatbot technologies in healthcare. As this is a newer technology, there are very limited subject headings for the concept. When subject headings are not available, use a keyword search.

Chatbots
ChatGPT
Large language model
Natural language processing
Medical Informatics
Machine learning
Artificial intelligence
Generative pre-trained transformer

DML Catalog This link opens in a new window
Search for electronic and print books with the online catalog for Dahlgren Memorial Library at GUMC. Use DML 's Document Delivery Service to request materials not owned by DML.
Large collection.
Updated daily.
Locator Plus This link opens in a new window
National Library of Medicine's (NLM) LocatorPlus can be searched to find the books, journals, and audiovisuals owned by NLM.
Large Collection.
2001-Present.